Albedo

How reflective an object or substance is

Measured in percentage of electromagnetic radiation reflected

Adiabatic cooling/lapse rates

Dry: 10 (actually 9.8) C° per 1000 meters (1 km).

Wet/Saturated: 6 (actually 5.5) C⁰ per 1000 meters.

Adiabatic compression

When a gas is compressed without exchaning heat with it’s surroundings. This results in the temperature of the gas increasing (or vice versa).

Type of fog: evaporative

Cold air, in the prescense of a warmer water surface. Water evaporates into the colder air, saturated it, and becoming fog.

Type of fog: advection

Warm air from ocean is cooled to dew point

Type of fog: upslope

Moist air rises and cools, reaching the dew point.

Type of fog: radiation

Warmer air in the presense of a cold surface. Heat transfers from air to cold surface, and as this air cools, the moisture in it condenses into the

Haze vs Fog?

The former is dust, salt, or other particles in the atmosphere. The latter is essentially a cloud on the ground.

Nuclei

Small (microscopic) particles in the air. Hygroscopic nuclei attract water, hydrophic avoid it.

Cirrus clouds

Saturation water vapor pressure

Long, thin, and wispy cloud type

Dew point

Temperature at which air must be cooled for water vapor to condense.

Dynamics

When air pressure is affected by the convergence or divergence of air masses, which can be caused by heat, or

Daltons Law

States that pressure of water vapor and other debris in air + air itself is equal to total pressure.

Fronts

Boundary between air masses

Types of Fronts.

1. Warm
2. Cold
3. Occluded
4. Stationary

Types of Fronts:

Air mass types

Katabatic, catabatic, fall winds

Pressure Gradient force

Tools of measurement (anemometer, wind vane, wet bulb thermometer)

Station Model

Composition of Atmosphere